Corrections

The Global Journal of Dental Specialty (GJDS) is committed to preserving the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the scholarly record. When errors or inaccuracies are identified after publication that do not compromise the overall validity of the research, the journal may publish a formal Correction (Erratum or Corrigendum). All corrections are made transparently and are permanently linked to the original article to ensure that readers have access to the most accurate version of the published work.

Corrections may be issued for:

• Errors introduced during publication.

• Minor factual or typographical errors.

• Incorrect author information or affiliations.

• Errors in figures, tables, or references.

• Other inaccuracies that do not affect the study's conclusions.

Retractions

A published article may be retracted when there is clear evidence that its findings are unreliable due to research misconduct, major errors, or serious ethical violations. Retractions are issued to protect the integrity of the scientific record and are conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).

Retraction may be considered in cases of:

• Plagiarism or duplicate publication.

• Data fabrication or falsification.

• Image manipulation.

• Unethical research involving human or animal subjects.

• Major errors that invalidate the research findings.

• Other serious breaches of publication ethics.

Editorial Responsibility

All requests for corrections or allegations requiring retraction are carefully investigated by the Editorial Office in accordance with COPE and ICMJE guidance. Where appropriate, the journal may also publish an Expression of Concern while an investigation is ongoing. All corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions will remain permanently linked to the original article to maintain transparency and preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.